15,380 research outputs found
The Unemployment Volatility Puzzle: The Role of Matching Costs Revisited
Recently, Pissarides (2008) has argued that the standard search model with sunk fixed matching costs increases unemployment volatility without introducing an unrealistic wage response in new matches. We revise the role of matching costs and show that when these costs are not sunk and, therefore, can be partially passed on to new hired workers in the form of lower wages, the amplication mechanism of fixed matching costs is considerably reduced and wages in new hired positions become more sensitive to productivity shocks.unemployment volatility puzzle, search and matching, matching costs
Bounding the gap between a free group (outer) automorphism and its inverse
For any finitely generated group , two complexity functions and
are defined to measure the maximal possible gap between the norm of
an automorphism (respectively outer automorphism) of and the norm of its
inverse. Restricting attention to free groups , the exact asymptotic
behaviour of and is computed. For rank ,
polynomial lower bounds are provided for and , and the
existence of a polynomial upper bound is proved for .Comment: 24 pages; To appear in Collectanea Mathematic
The Unemployment Volatility Puzzle: The Role of Matching Costs Revisited
Recently, Pissarides (2008) has argued that the standard search model with sunk fixed matching costs increases unemployment volatility without introducing an unrealistic wage response in new matches. We revise the role of matching costs and show that when these costs are not sunk and, therefore, can be partially passed on to new hired workers in the form of lower wages, the amplication mechanism of fixed matching costs is considerably reduced and wages in new hired positions become more sensitive to productivity shocks.unemployment volatility puzzle, search and matching, matching costs
Flexibility at the margin and labor market volatility in OECD countries
We argue that segmented labor markets with flexibility at the margin (e.g., just affecting
fixed-term employees) may achieve similar volatility than fully deregulated labor
markets. Flexibility at the margin produces a gap in separation costs among matched
workers that cause fixed-term employment to be the main workforce adjustment
device. Moreover, in the presence of limitations in the duration and number of renewals
of fixed-term contracts, firms respond by fostering labor turnover which further raises
the volatility of the labor market. We present a matching model with temporary and
permanent jobs where (i) the gap in firing costs and (ii) restrictions in the use of fixedterm
contracts play the central role to explain the similar volatility observed in many
regulated labor markets with flexibility at the margin vis-à-vis the fully deregulated
ones
Regular black holes in gravity
In this work, we study the possibility of generalizing solutions of regular
black holes with an electric charge, constructed in general relativity, for the
theory, where is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. This type of solution
arises due to the coupling between gravitational theory and nonlinear
electrodynamics. We construct the formalism in terms of a mass function and it
results in different gravitational and electromagnetic theories for which mass
function. The electric field of these solutions are always regular and the
strong energy condition is violated in some region inside the event horizon.
For some solutions, we get an analytical form for the function. Imposing
the limit of some constant going to zero in the function we recovered
the linear case, making the general relativity a particular case.Comment: 22 pages, 25 figures.Version published in EPJ
Time varying fiscal policy in the U.S.
To investigate the time heterogeneity effects of fiscal policy in the U.S., we use a non-recursive, Blanchard and Perotti-like structural VAR with time-varying parameters, estimated through Bayesian simulation over the 1965:2-2009:2 period. Our evidence suggests that fiscal policy has lost some capacity to stimulate output but that this trend is more pronounced for taxes net of transfers than for government expenditure, whose effectiveness declines only slightly. Fiscal multipliers keep conventional signs throughout. An investigation of changes in fiscal policy conduct indicates an increase in the countercyclical activism of net taxes over time, which appears to have reached a maximum during the 2008-09 recession.Fiscal policy, Bayesian estimation, Structural change, Macroeconomic stabilization
Anti-Powers in Infinite Words
In combinatorics of words, a concatenation of consecutive equal blocks is
called a power of order . In this paper we take a different point of view
and define an anti-power of order as a concatenation of consecutive
pairwise distinct blocks of the same length. As a main result, we show that
every infinite word contains powers of any order or anti-powers of any order.
That is, the existence of powers or anti-powers is an unavoidable regularity.
Indeed, we prove a stronger result, which relates the density of anti-powers to
the existence of a factor that occurs with arbitrary exponent. As a
consequence, we show that in every aperiodic uniformly recurrent word,
anti-powers of every order begin at every position. We further show that every
infinite word avoiding anti-powers of order is ultimately periodic, while
there exist aperiodic words avoiding anti-powers of order . We also show
that there exist aperiodic recurrent words avoiding anti-powers of order .Comment: Revision submitted to Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series
Hybrid Petri net model of a traffic intersection in an urban network
Control in urban traffic networks constitutes an important and challenging research topic nowadays. In the literature, a lot of work can be found devoted to improving the performance of the traffic flow in such systems, by means of controlling the red-to-green switching times of traffic signals. Different techniques have been proposed and commercially implemented, ranging from heuristic methods to model-based optimization. However, given the complexity of the dynamics and the scale of urban traffic networks, there is still a lot of scope for improvement. In this work, a new hybrid model for the traffic behavior at an intersection is introduced. It captures important aspects of the flow dynamics in urban networks. It is shown how this model can be used in order to obtain control strategies that improve the flow of traffic at intersections, leading to the future possibility of controlling several connected intersections in a distributed way
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